![]() In an electromagnetic wave (such as light), coupling between the electric and magnetic fields which sustains propagation of a wave involving these fields according to Maxwell's equations. Other examples of mechanical waves are seismic waves, gravity waves, surface waves and string vibrations. ![]() For example, sound waves are variations of the local pressure and particle motion that propagate through the medium. A mechanical wave is a local deformation (strain) in some physical medium that propagates from particle to particle by creating local stresses that cause strain in neighboring particles too. In a mechanical wave, stress and strain fields oscillate about a mechanical equilibrium. Two types of waves are most commonly studied in classical physics. Waves are often described by a wave equation (standing wave field of two opposite waves) or a one-way wave equation for single wave propagation in a defined direction. In a standing wave, the amplitude of vibration has nulls at some positions where the wave amplitude appears smaller or even zero. ![]() When the entire waveform moves in one direction, it is said to be a traveling wave by contrast, a pair of superimposed periodic waves traveling in opposite directions makes a standing wave. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (resting) value at some frequency. In physics, mathematics, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Surface waves in water showing water ripples
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